Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography Evaluation of Crohn's Disease Activity in Three Adolescent Patients / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Characterizing inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn's disease (CD) is necessary to guide clinical management, but distinguishing the two remains challenging. Novel ultrasound (US) techniques: contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE) offer great potential in evaluating disease activity in pediatric patients. Three patients ages 16 to 20 with known CD underwent CEUS and SWE to characterize bowel wall inflammation and fibrosis. Magnetic resonance enterography, endoscopy, or surgical pathology findings are also described when available. The patients' disease activity included acute inflammation, chronic inflammation with stricture formation, and a fibrotic surgical anastomosis without inflammation. CEUS was useful in determining the degree of inflammation, and SWE identified bowel wall fibrosis. Used together these techniques allow for better characterization of the degree of fibrosis and inflammation in bowel strictures. With further validation CEUS and SWE may allow for improved characterization of bowel strictures and disease flares in pediatric patients suffering from CD.

Variables predictoras de la ideación suicida y sintomatología depresiva en adolescentes de Chiapas, México / Predictors of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chiapas, Mexico

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar la presencia de ideación suicida y sintomatología depresiva a partir de variables predictoras en adolescentes de Chiapas, México. El estudio es de tipo transversal, ex post-facto. Se aplicaron las escalas de Ideación Suicida, de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Impulsividad y Autoestima, a una muestra no probabilística de 4,759 estudiantes de ambos sexos, con una edad promedio de 18.4 años. Los resultados indican que el puntaje de media para la ideación suicida (0.2), es inferior a lo reportado en otros estudios, mientras que para sintomatología depresiva, es similar. La prevalencia de ideación suicida es del 7.8%, por debajo de los índices señalados en el ámbito nacional e internacional. Los modelos de regresión logística multivariable para ideación suicida, confirman que la impulsividad y sintomatología depresiva, la hacen aumentar a casi el doble (OR= 1.907) y nueve veces (OR= 9.006) respectivamente. Es evidente la estrecha relación entre la ideación suicida y la sintomatología depresiva, señalándose la relevancia que esta tiene como predictora de su presencia en población adolescente.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the presence of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chiapas, Mexico based on predictor variables. A cross-sectional study adopting an ex post facto design was conducted with a non-probability sample of 4,759 students of both sexes with an average age of 18.4 years and using the following tools: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Roberts' Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Impulsiveness Scale (IS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The mean score obtained by the suicidal ideation scale was 0.2, which is lower than that reported by other studies, while the mean score for depressive symptoms was similar to those in the literature. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 7.8%, which is lower than reported in national and international studies. Multivariable logistic regression showed that impulsiveness (OR = 1.907) and depressive symptoms (OR = 9.006) lead to a twofold and ninefold increase in the likelihood of suicidal ideation, respectively. The findings also showed a strong association between suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms, showing that the latter is a predictor of suicidal ideation among adolescents.

3D point cloud in the evaluation of processes that generate instability of the lumbar spine / Nuvem de pontos tridimensional na avaliação de processos que geram instabilidade da coluna lombar / Nube de puntos tridimensional en la evaluación de procesos que generan inestabilidad de la columna lumbar

OBJECTIVE: To integrate patients with lumbar instability in a multisensor platform in the process of assessment and diagnosis, assigning quantitative parameters for the sagittal balance (SB) and muscle function. METHODS: Experimental study involving adult patients diagnosed with diseases that cause alterations in the SB, that were or were not submitted to surgery with posterior instrumentation and fusion. Each patient underwent anthropometric measurements in body composition scale; a kinesiological analysis using a multisensor platform consisting of depth camera to static/dynamic analysis for the quantitative measurement of SB, and surface electromyography to capture the level of abdominal and lumbar muscles activation and through flexion and extension. RESULTS: Seven adult patients: five females (62.5%)and two men (37.5%) with a mean age 48 years. Images with depth cameras resulted in a SB of from -6.4 to +5.3cm (average -5.7cm). In individuals with positive sagittal balance the percentage of activation (PA) of the abdominal muscles was 58.5% and the lower back lumbar was 75.25%; patients with negative SB integrated the PA of the abdominal muscles of 70.25% and lumbar of 65%; the patient with neutral SB exhibited activation of the abdominal muscles of 87.75% and lumbar muscles of 78.25%. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a trend towards positive SB in patients with overweight and obesity by BMI, as well as increased activation of the abdominal muscles. The multi sensor platform is a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases involving sagittal imbalance. .

OBJETIVO: Integrar os pacientes com instabilidade lombar em uma plataforma multissensor no processo de avaliação e diagnóstico, atribuindo parâmetros quantitativos para o equilíbrio sagital (ES) e função muscular. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental com pacientes adultos diagnosticados com doenças que causam alterações no ES, submetidos ou não à cirurgia com instrumentação e fusão por via posterior. Em cada paciente realizaram-se medidas antropométricas em balança de composição corporal, análise cinesiológica utilizando uma plataforma multissensor constituída por câmera profundidade para análise estática/dinâmica para medição quantitativa do ES e eletromiografia de superfície para capturar o nível de ativação da musculatura abdominal e lombar por meio de flexão e extensão. RESULTADOS: Sete pacientes adultos: cinco mulheres (62,5%) e dois homens (37,5%) com média de idade de 48 anos. As imagens com câmeras de profundidade resultaram em ES de -6,4+5,3cm (média -5,7cm). Nos indivíduos com equilíbrio sagital positivo, o percentual de ativação (PA) dos músculos abdominais foi 58,5% e dos músculos lombares foi 75,25%; nos pacientes com ES negativo integrado, a PA dos músculos abdominais foi de 70,25% e lombar 65%; o paciente com ES neutro apresentou ativação dos músculos abdominais de 87,75% e dos músculos lombares, de 78,25%. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos uma tendência ao ES positivo em pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade pelo IMC, bem como ao aumento da ativação dos músculos abdominais. A plataforma multissensor constitui uma ferramenta útil para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças com desequilíbrio sagital. .

OBJETIVO: Integrar a pacientes con inestabilidad lumbar a una plataforma multisensor en su proceso de evaluación y diagnóstico, dando parámetros cuantitativos para el balance sagital (BS) y la función muscular. MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo experimental con pacientes adultos diagnosticados con patologías que causan alteraciones en el BS, unos no operados, y otros operados con instrumentación y fusión posteriores. Cada paciente fue sometido a mediciones antropométricas en báscula de composición corporal; un análisis kinesiólogo utilizando una plataforma multisensor constituida por cámara de profundidad para el análisis estático/dinámico para la medición cuantitativa del BS, y un electromiógrafo de superficie captó el grado de activación muscular en región abdominal y lumbar, mediante movimientos de flexión y extensión. RESULTADOS: Siete pacientes adultos: cinco mujeres (62.5%), dos hombres (37.5%); media de edad de 48 años. Las imágenes con cámaras de profundidad resultaron en un BS de -6.4 a+5.3cm (promedio-5.7cm). Aquellos con BS positivo el porcentaje de activación (PA) de los músculos abdominales fue de 58.5% y la de los lumbares fue de 75.25%; pacientes con BS negativo integraron un PA de los músculos abdominales de 70.25% y de lumbares de 65%; el paciente con balance sagital neutro tuvo activación de la musculatura abdominal de 87.75% y lumbar de 78.25%. CONCLUSIONES: Observamos tendencia al BS positivo en pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad por IMC, así como mayor activación de músculos abdominales. La plataforma multisensor constituida es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico y pronóstico de enfermedades con desbalance sagital. .

Application of a semiautomatic classifier for modic and disk hernia changes in magnetic resonance / Aplicação de classificador semiautomático para alterações MODIC e hérnia de disco em ressonância magnética / Aplicación de clasificador semiautomático de cambios MODIC y hernia de disco en resonancia magnética

OBJECTIVE: Early detection of degenerative changes in lumbar intervertebral disc by magnetic resonance imaging in a semiautomatic classifier for prevention of degenerative disease. METHOD: MRIs were selected with a diagnosis of degenerative disc disease or back pain from January to May 2014, with a sample of 23 patients and a total of 170 disks evaluated by sagittal T2 MRI image, first evaluated by a specialist physician in training and them were introduced into the software, being the results compared. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen discs were evaluated by a programmed semiautomatic classifier to identify MODIC changes and hernia, which produced results "normal or MODIC" and "normal or abnormal", respectively. With a total of 230 readings, of which 141 were correct, 84 were reading errors and 10 readings were undiagnosed, the semiautomatic classifier is a useful tool for early diagnosis or established disease and is easy to apply because of the speed and ease of use; however, at this early stage of development, software is inferior to clinical observations and the results were from around 65% to 60% certainty for MODIC rating and 61% to 58% for disc herniation, compared with clinical evaluations. CONCLUSION: The comparative results between the two doctors were 94 consistent results and only 21 errors, which represents 81% certainty. .

OBJETIVO: Determinação precoce de alterações degenerativas de disco intervertebral lombar por ressonância magnética em classificador semi- automático para prevenção da doença degenerativa. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas ressonâncias magnéticas com diagnóstico de doença degenerativa do disco ou lombalgia de janeiro a maio de 2014, com uma amostra de 23 pacientes e um total de 170 discos avaliados por RM T2 em corte sagital, examinadas primeiro por um médico especialista em treinamento, e depois foram introduzidas no software e os resultados obtidos foram comparados entre si. Cento e quinze discos foram submetidos à avaliação por um classificador semiautomático programado para identificar alterações MODIC e hérnia, o que produziu resultados "normal ou MODIC" e "normal ou anormal", respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Com um total de 230 leituras, das quais 141 estavam corretas, 84 foram erros de leitura e 10 leituras foram sem diagnóstico, o classificador semiautomático é uma ferramenta útil para o diagnóstico precoce ou da doença estabelecida e é fácil de aplicar, devido à rapidez e facilidade de uso; contudo, nesta fase inicial de desenvolvimento, o software é inferior às observações clínicas e os resultados foram de cerca de 65% a 60% de certeza para a classificação MODIC e de 61% a 58% para hérnia de disco, em comparação com a avaliação clínica. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados comparativos entre os dois médicos foram 94 resultados congruentes e apenas 21 erros, o que representa 81% de certeza. .

OBJETIVO: Determinación temprana de cambios degenerativos de disco intervertebral lumbar por resonancia magnética, mediante clasificador semiautomático para la prevención de enfermedad degenerativa. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron resonancias magnéticas con diagnóstico de enfermedad degenerativa de disco o lumbalgia de enero hasta mayo de 2014, con una muestra de 23 pacientes y un total de 170 discos valorados en corte sagital de RNM en T2, las cuales se examinaron primero por médico especialista en formación, y que luego fueron introducidas en el software, siendo los resultados obtenidos comparados entre sí. Ciento quince discos fueron sometidos a valoración por un clasificador semiautomático programado para identificar cambios MODIC y hernia que produjo resultados "normal o MODIC" y "normal o anormal", respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Con un total de 230 lecturas, de las cuales 141 fueron correctas en general, 84 fueron errores de lectura y 10 fueron lecturas sin diagnóstico, el clasificador semiautomático es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico precoz o de enfermedad instaurada, así como fácil de aplicar debido a su rapidez y facilidad de uso; sin embargo, en esta primera etapa del desarrollo, el software es inferior a la apreciación clínica ya que los resultados fueron de alrededor de 65%-60% de certeza para clasificación MODIC y 61%-58% para hernia de disco, en comparación con la evaluación clínica. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados comparativos entre los dos médicos fueron 94 resultados congruentes entre médicos y solo 21 errores, lo que representa el 81% de certeza. .

Infección por virus del papiloma humano de alto y bajo riesgo en mujeres con NIC. Características diferenciales / High and low risk human papilloma virus infection in women with CIN. Differential characteristics

The objective of this study was to determine high risk human papillomavirus infection (HPV-RH) and factors with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia appears (CIN). MATERIAL AND METHOD: From October 1998 to January 2000, a case-control study, was made; women with benefit package from Mexican Institute of Social Security. The cases were of the colposcopic clinic of the department of the Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Luis Castelazo Ayala, women histologically diagnosed with colposcopy and CIN cervical biopsy, and controls patients with negative cervical uterine cytologic study of the Preventive Medicine Department, Unit of Familiar Medicine No. 8, of Mexico City. Trained personnel obtained information about socioeconomic and reproductive factors did the interview. A cytobrush was used to take the cervical sample for HPV-RH to determine HPV-RH utilizing Hybrid Capture II test. Both bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used for the adjustment of variables. RESULTS: We analyzed 102 cases and 192 controls, 79 (44/56) of the cases with CIN I and 89 (37/42) of CIN II-III as 21 of controls, respectively, were positive for HPV-RH. Global risk for HPV-RH association to CIN was OR = 40.6 (95 CI, = 17-96.8). Women age was determinative for HPV-RH association to CIN. We observed a high correlation between HPV positive magnitude and CIN degree. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of RH-HPV in controls and CIN I is higher than other reports in the literature. HPV was identified as the most important agent associated with this neoplasia, other factors involved and age is an important modifier in HPV-RH and CIN.